Publications
![Journal of Applied Physiology](https://sites.edb.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/181/2024/02/appliedphysiology.jpeg)
Beck O.N., Schroeder, J.N., Sawicki G.S. (2024) Habitually Wearing High Heels May Improve User Walking Economy in Any Footwear. Journal of Applied Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00016.2024
![Journal of Neurophysiology](https://sites.edb.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/181/2024/03/journal-neurophysiology.jpg)
Martino G., Beck O.N., Ting L.H. (2023) Voluntary Muscle Coactivation in Quiet Standing Elicits Reciprocal Rather Than Coactive Agonist-Antagonist Control of Reactive Balance in Young Adults. Journal of Neurophysiology. 129:6, 1378-1388 https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00458.2022
![](http://sites.edb.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/181/2023/08/sr.jpeg)
Zhang-Lea J.H., Tacca J.R., Beck O.N., Taboga P., Grabowski A.M. (2023) Prosthetic Legs Run Shorter Than Biological Legs. Scientific Reports.
![Cover of the Journal of Applied Physiology](http://sites.edb.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/181/2023/04/journal-applied-physiology.jpeg)
Gill P.K., Kipp S., Beck O.N., Kram R. (2023) It is Time to Abandon Single-Value Oxygen Uptake Energy Equivalents. Journal of Applied Physiology. 134(4), 887-890. doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00353.2022
![Robotics](http://sites.edb.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/181/2023/02/science-robotics.jpg)
Beck O.N., Shepherd M.K., Rastogi R., Martino G., Ting L.H., Sawicki G.S. (2023) Exoskeletons Need to React Faster than Physiological Responses to Improve Standing Balance. Science Robotics. 8, eadf1080, https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.adf1080
![Journal of Experimental Biology](https://sites.edb.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/181/2024/03/journal-exp-bio.png)
Allen S.A., Beck O.N., Grabowski A.M. (2022) Evaluating the “Cost of Generating Force” Hypothesis Across Frequency in Human Running and Hopping. Journal of Experimental Biology. 225(18): jeb244755. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.244755.
![Journal of Applied Physiology](https://sites.edb.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/181/2024/03/journal-app-physiology.jpg)
Beck O.N., Trejo, L.H., Schroeder, J.N., Franz J.R., Sawicki G.S. (2022) Shorter Muscle Fascicle Operating Lengths Increase the Metabolic Cost of Cyclic Force Production. Journal of Applied Physiology. 133:3, 524-533. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00720.2021
![Royal Society of Open Science](http://sites.edb.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/181/2022/08/Royal-society-open-science2-1.jpg)
Tacca J.R., Beck O.N., Taboga P., Grabowski A.M. (2022) Running-Specific Prosthesis Model, Stiffness, and Height Affect Biomechanics and Asymmetry of Athletes with Unilateral Leg Amputations Across Velocities. Royal Society Open Science. 9: 211691. 211691. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.211691
![Royal Society of Open Science](http://sites.edb.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/181/2022/08/Royal-society-open-science2-1.jpg)
Beck O.N., Taboga P., Grabowski A.M. (2022) Sprinting with Prosthetic versus Biological Legs: Insight from Experimental Evidence. Royal Society Open Science. 9: 211799. 211799 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.211799
![Gerontology](http://sites.edb.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/181/2023/09/m_cover-a.jpeg)
Krupenevich R.L., Beck O.N., Sawicki G.S., Franz J.R. (2021) Reduced Achilles Tendon Stiffness Disrupts Calf Muscle Neuromechanics in Elderly Gait. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. 68:241–251 https://doi.org/10.1159/000516910
![Scientific Reports](http://sites.edb.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/181/2023/08/sr.jpeg)
Beck O.N., Golyski P.R., Sawicki G.S. (2020) Adding Carbon Fiber to Shoe Soles May Not Improve Running Economy: A Muscle-Level Explanation. Scientific Reports. 10:17154
![Royal Society](https://sites.edb.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/181/2024/03/royal-society.png)
Beck O.N., Gosyne J., Franz J.R., Sawicki G.S. (2020). Cyclically Producing the Same Average Muscle-Tendon Force with a Smaller Duty Increases Metabolic Rate. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 287:20200431 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0431
![See the source image](https://media.springernature.com/w306/springer-static/cover/journal/421/83/4.jpg)
Alcantara R.S., Beck O.N., Grabowski A.M. (2020) Lower Limb Mass Does Not Affect Biomechanical Asymmetry But Increases Metabolic Power In Runners With A Unilateral Transtibial Amputation. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 120, 1449-56 10.1007/s00421-020-04367-9
![See the source image](https://www.openacessjournal.com/assets/membership/2020041548Scien.jpg)
Nuckols R.W., Dick T.J.M., Beck O.N., Sawicki G.S. (2020) Ultrasound Imaging Links Soleus Muscle Neuromechanics and Energetics during Human Walking with Elastic Ankle Exoskeletons. Scientific Reports. 10:3604
![See the source image](https://th.bing.com/th/id/R.cd1ac20930cb436a60ebcfdc26cdca71?rik=F5n8UARM8%2fTTyg&riu=http%3a%2f%2fwww.bionivid.com%2fwp-content%2fuploads%2f2014%2f09%2f55343-1.jpg.gif&ehk=pC7wVPmjArLPwMwesHCYumWJe1QsaBcbjLzNtPFrtw0%3d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0)
Taboga P., Beck O.N., Grabowski A.M. (2020) Prosthetic Shape, but not Stiffness of Height, Affects the Maximum Speed of Sprinters with Bilateral Transtibial Amputations. Plos One. 15(2): e0229035
![See the source image](https://media.springernature.com/w276/springer-static/cover/journal/12984.jpg)
Sawicki G.S., Beck O.N., Kang I., Young A.J. (2020) The Exoskeleton Expansion: Improving Walking and Running Economy. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 17(25)
![See the source image](https://www.openacessjournal.com/assets/membership/2020041548Scien.jpg)
Taboga P.T., Drees E.K., Beck O.N., Grabowski A.M. (2020) Prosthetic Model, but not Stiffness of Height, Affects Maximum Running Velocity in Athletes with Unilateral Transtibial Amputations. Scientific Reports. 10, 1763
![See the source image](https://th.bing.com/th/id/R.9a9f85f65749e9cb7b62165d72d330e4?rik=JEGheLnrCroxRA&riu=http%3a%2f%2fimg.medscape.com%2fpublication%2fESSR_250x332.png&ehk=IBgLF%2bcH3p0WpsryJpCH9ICA1h4BiNMWLmPVlCXdxnA%3d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0)
Beck O.N., Punith L.K., Nuckols R.W., Sawicki G.S. (2019) Exoskeletons Improve Locomotion Economy by Reducing Active Muscle Volume. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 47(4):237-45
![See the source image](https://th.bing.com/th/id/R.9a9f85f65749e9cb7b62165d72d330e4?rik=JEGheLnrCroxRA&riu=http%3a%2f%2fimg.medscape.com%2fpublication%2fESSR_250x332.png&ehk=IBgLF%2bcH3p0WpsryJpCH9ICA1h4BiNMWLmPVlCXdxnA%3d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0)
Beck O.N., Grabowski A.M. (2019) Athletes With vs. Without Leg Amputations: Different Biomechanics, Similar Running Economy. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 47(1):15-21
![See the source image](https://media.springernature.com/w306/springer-static/cover/journal/421/83/4.jpg)
Beck O.N., Azua E.A., Grabowski A.M. (2018) Step time asymmetry increases metabolic energy expenditure during running. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 118(10):2147-54
![Gait and Posture](https://sites.edb.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/181/2023/09/gandp-150x150.jpeg)
Beck O.N., Grabowski A.M., Ortega J.D. (2018) Neither Total Muscle Activation nor Co-activation Explains How Older Runners Retain Youthful Walking Economy. Gait and Posture. 65:163-8
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Beck O.N., Kipp S., Byrnes W.C., Kram R. (2018) Viewpoint: Use Aerobic Energy Expenditure Instead of Oxygen Uptake to Quantify Exercise Intensity and Predict Endurance Performance. Journal of Applied Physiology. 125(2):672-4
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Beck O.N., Grabowski A.M. (2017) Case Studies in Physiology: The Biomechanics of the Fastest Sprinter with a Unilateral Transtibial Amputation. Journal of Applied Physiology. 124(3):641-5
![See the source image](https://royalsocietypublishing.org/cms/asset/1d8c3e93-6fbd-47de-aa4d-e589a7ec0683/rsif.1.issue-1.largecover.jpeg)
Beck O.N., Taboga P., Grabowski A.M. (2017) How do Prosthetic Stiffness, Height, and Running Speed Affect the Biomechanics of Athletes with Bilateral Transtibial Amputations? Royal Society Interface. 14(131)
![See the source image](https://pbcdn1.podbean.com/imglogo/image-logo/623331/jappl_2019_127_1_600.jpg)
Beck O.N., Taboga P., Grabowski A.M. (2017) Prosthetic Model, but not Stiffness or Height, Affects the Metabolic Cost of Running for Athletes with Unilateral Transtibial Amputations. Journal of Applied Physiology. 123(1):38-48
![See the source image](https://pbcdn1.podbean.com/imglogo/image-logo/623331/jappl_2019_127_1_600.jpg)
Beck O.N., Taboga P., Grabowski A.M. (2017) Reduced Prosthetic Stiffness Lowers the Metabolic Cost of Running for Athletes with Bilateral Transtibial Amputations. Journal of Applied Physiology. 122(4):976-84
![See the source image](https://th.bing.com/th/id/R.cd1ac20930cb436a60ebcfdc26cdca71?rik=F5n8UARM8%2fTTyg&riu=http%3a%2f%2fwww.bionivid.com%2fwp-content%2fuploads%2f2014%2f09%2f55343-1.jpg.gif&ehk=pC7wVPmjArLPwMwesHCYumWJe1QsaBcbjLzNtPFrtw0%3d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0)
Beck O.N., Taboga P., Grabowski A.M. (2016) Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Running-Specific Prostheses. Plos One. 11(12):e0168298
![See the source image](https://th.bing.com/th/id/R.3b4dd9b7d9d0ec3fed8b59e42219bbb0?rik=O103twsxLLMymg&riu=http%3a%2f%2farchive.amti.biz%2fwp-content%2fuploads%2f2012%2f01%2fMedicine-Science-in-Sports-Exercise.png&ehk=NbzHLwtHGVlcRJhBiCPe2EBIapwZbkuQxzinVJSuN64%3d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0&sres=1&sresct=1)
Beck O.N., Kipp S., Roby J.M., Grabowski A.M., Kram R., Ortega J.D. (2016) Older Runners Retain Youthful Running Economy Despite Biomechanical Differences. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Apr;48(4):697-704
![See the source image](https://th.bing.com/th/id/R.cd1ac20930cb436a60ebcfdc26cdca71?rik=F5n8UARM8%2fTTyg&riu=http%3a%2f%2fwww.bionivid.com%2fwp-content%2fuploads%2f2014%2f09%2f55343-1.jpg.gif&ehk=pC7wVPmjArLPwMwesHCYumWJe1QsaBcbjLzNtPFrtw0%3d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0)
Ortega J.D., Beck O.N., Roby J.M., Turney A.L., Kram R. (2014) Running for Exercise Mitigates the Age-Related Deterioration of Walking Economy. Plos One. 10.1371/journal.pone.0113471