Townsend, B. L. (2000). The disproportionate discipline of african american learners: Reducing school suspensions and expulsions. Exceptional Children, 66(3), 381-391. School disciplinary practices for students with disabilities and their peers without disabilities have long been questioned. Moreover, the school discipline of both dominant culture and ethnic minority children and youth… read more
Parsing Disciplinary Disproportionality: Contributions of Infraction, Student, and School Characteristics to Out-of-School Suspension and Expulsion
Skiba, R. J., Chung, C., Trachok, M., Baker, T. L., Sheya, A., & Hughes, R. L. (2014). Parsing disciplinary disproportionality: Contributions of infraction, student, and school characteristics to out-of-school suspension and expulsion. American Educational Research Journal, 51(4), 640-670. In the context of a national conversation about exclusionary discipline, we conducted… read more
Saving our future by reducing suspensions and expulsions among African American males
McCray, C. R., Beachum, F. D., & Yawn, C. D. (2015). Saving our future by reducing suspensions and expulsions among african american males. Journal of School Leadership, 25(2), 345. In 2012, the Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights Division, presented a report titled Revealing New Truths About Our Nation’s… read more
Black Males’ Structural Conditions, Achievement Patterns, Normative Needs, and “Opportunities”
Swanson, D. P., Cunningham, M., & Spencer, M. B. (2003). Black males’ structural conditions, achievement patterns, normative needs, and “opportunities”. Urban Education, 38(5), 608-633. The relations between normative developmental transitions, contextual influences, and life-stage outcomes such as academic achievement for African American males are examined. The integration ofaffective and cognitive… read more