Livingston, J. N., & Nahimana, C. (2006). Problem Child or Problem Context: An Ecological Approach to Young Black Males. Reclaiming Children & Youth, 14(4), 209-214.

Part of a special issue on talent hunts with troubled youth. There is a need for an ecological approach to understanding and addressing the needs of black male children, who have disproportionate rates of school failure, drop out, and incarceration. Advancing such a structural approach could help in improving academic achievement and overall quality of life for black male children and could help educators to develop interventions that adequately address the needs of urban children.

Access to full article can be found here:

https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ747640