Stroup, A. L., & Robins, L. N. (1972). Elementary School Predictors of High School Dropout among Black Males.Sociology of Education, 45(2), 212-222.

In a sample of 223 black urban males, elementary school predictors of high school dropout were analyzed. Of thirteen original variables, six produced a multiple R with dropout of .637. School retardation, truancy, early drinking activity, parental social status and number of elementary schools attended were most clearly associated with high school dropout.

Full article can be found here:

https://www.jstor.org/stable/2112008