Strayhorn, T. L. (2009). Different Folks, Different Hopes The Educational Aspirations of Black Males in Urban, Suburban, and Rural High Schools. Urban Education, 44(6), 710-731.

The educational aspirations of Black males in urban, suburban, and rural high schools were examined in this study, using a nationally-representative sample of respondents to the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS:88/00). Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed statistically significant relationships between aspirations and SES, academic achievement, and urban city with high-SES, high-achieving, suburban Black males reporting the highest aspirations. Leveled and/or lower aspirations were associated with low-SES, low-achieving, Black males in urban and rural settings. Implications for future practice, theory, and research are discussed, along with recommendations for future policy.

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http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0042085908322705