Fashola, O. S. (2003). Developing the Talents of African American Male Students during the Nonschool Hours. Urban Education, 38(4), 398-430.

This article presents information that speaks of the disparity in academic achievement between African American males and other ethnic groups, male and female alike. It also shows how after-school programs could provide services that would address and decrease some of these disparities. The article is divided into three sections. The first section addresses policy issues affecting the targeted population. The second section presents four programs that have successfully improved the academic achievement of minority students. The four programs profiled in this article are generally offered during the non school hours. The third section addresses additional ways in which after-school programs can develop the talents of males above and beyond academic achievement.

Full article can be found here:

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0042085903038004004