Scott, M. E., Butler, B. R., Lewis, C. W., & Moore, J. L. (2012). Assessing the odds: Disproportional discipline practices and implications for educational stakeholders. The Journal of Negro Education, 81(1), 11-24. One frequently held assumption found within the school discipline literature suggests that students of color- particularly African American,… read more
Expulsion and Suspension Rates (ESR)
Suspensions and Expulsions of Male and Black Students: A Study of the Causes of Disproportionality
Bennett, C., & Harris, J. J. (1982). Suspensions and Expulsions of Male and Black Students: A Study of the Causes of Disproportionality. Urban Education, 16(4), 399-423. Black students are suspended far more often than white students. The extent of disproportion depends largely upon school and staff characteristics. Full article can be found… read more
Black Male Perspectives on Their Educational Experiences in High School
Caton, M. T. (2012). Black Male Perspectives on Their Educational Experiences in High School. Urban Education, 47(6), 1055-1085. This study examines the impact of the zero-tolerance policies on Black males’ educational experiences and outcomes. Individual interviews were conducted with Black males who dropped out of high school. Using counter-storytelling within a critical… read more
Variables Contributing to Grade Retention Among African American Adolescent Males
Rodney, L. W., Crafter, B., Rodney, H. E., & Mupier, R. M. (1999). Variables Contributing to Grade Retention Among African American Adolescent Males. The Journal of Educational Research, 92(3), 185-190. Variables contributing to grade retention among 243 African American 13—17-year-old boys were investigated. The instrument administered was the Children’s Structured Assessment for… read more