Toldson, I. A., Woodson, K. M., Braithwaite, R., Holliday, R. C., & De La Rosa, M. (2010). Academic potential among African American adolescents in juvenile detention centers: Implications for reentry to school. Journal of offender rehabilitation, 49(8), 551-570.

The study explores Black adolescent detainees’ academic potential and motivation to return to school, to inform best practices and policies for juvenile reentry to educational settings. Adolescent detainees (N = 1,576) who were recruited from 1 male and 1 female youth detention facility, responded to surveys that assessed post detention educational plans, as well as social and emotional characteristics, and criminal. Multivariate analysis techniques were used to compare factors across race and gender, and plot linear relationships between key indicators of academic potential with associate factors. Findings revealed that youth were more likely to evince academic potential when they had a healthy level of self-esteem, adequate future goal orientation, positive mood, family and community involvement, fewer traumatic events, and less delinquent activity.

Full article can be found here:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3108448/