Zimmerman, M. A., Ramirez‐Valles, J., Zapert, K. M., & Maton, K. I. (2000). A longitudinal study of stress‐buffering effects for urban African‐American male adolescent problem behaviors and mental health. Journal of Community Psychology, 28(1), 17-33.

The stress‐buffering hypothesis was explored longitudinally in a sample of 173 urban, male, African‐American adolescents. Data on parental and friend support, stressful life events, alcohol and substance use, delinquency, and psychological symptoms were collected twice, six months apart. No support for the stress‐buffering hypothesis was found for any of the dependent variables. Friend support also was unrelated to the dependent variables longitudinally. Parental support predicted less anxiety and depression longitudinally, but psychological symptoms did not predict increased parental support over time. The findings suggest that parental support may help insulate these African‐American youths from anxiety and depression, but that the youths’ symptoms do not necessarily activate increased levels of parental support. The results of this study add to the growing body of research that indicates the positive role parental support plays in the healthy development of African‐American adolescents. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Full article can be found here: https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/34572