Flowers, L. A. (2004). Examining the effects of student involvement on African American college student development. Journal of College Student Development, 45(6), 633-654.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which student involvement experiences impacted educational outcomes for African Americans in college. Overall, the results of the study indicated that in-class and out-of-class experiences positively impacted student development for a nationally representative sample of African American students who completed the College Student Experiences Questionnaire. Implications for student affairs professionals were discussed.

Access to full article can be found here:

https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ743868